Mastering assignments: from essays to editing and proofreading

University College Birmingham offers various assignment types, including essays, reports, presentations and reflective writing.

Success depends on understanding assignment remits, breaking tasks into parts, and addressing each component effectively. Editing and proofreading are key to producing high-quality work, and students have access to tools such as Grammarly Premium and the Academic Skills Centre.

We also provide clear formatting guidelines to ensure assignments meet academic standards.

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Types of assignments

At University College Birmingham, you will be assessed in a variety of ways. Most assessments will take the form of coursework, like essays and reports, rather than exams, so it is important to plan and manage your time accordingly. For many of you, this will be great news (because who really likes exams?), but it does mean you will need to manage your time well in order to submit everything on time.

Assignment remits

The details for each of your assignments will be presented in a document called an assignment remit. Your assignment remit tells you what type of assignment you will complete, what the assignment task is, how long the assignment should be and when it is due. The assignment remit is key to completing your assignment successfully, so you should look at it often while planning, writing and preparing to submit your assignment. At University College Birmingham, assignments come in many different forms. Here is a list of the most common ones.

Essays

Essays in higher education are different from essays at school, which are usually about showing what you know about a topic. At university, you are expected to show how you can use other people’s research to construct an argument about a topic. This allows you to demonstrate your knowledge about the topic, your research skills and your ability to critically engage with the writing of experts in your field. Any claims you make should be backed up by credible sources, which will need to be referenced correctly. 

Remember: even if you have personal experience of a topic, you are NOT an expert (not until you get your degree!). In your academic writing, you will need to show that you can use the work of experts to answer a task or question.

Reports

Reports require you to investigate a particular problem or issue, discuss the relevant information and evidence, analyse the issues and come to conclusions.

Unlike essays, which are one continuous piece of writing, reports are broken up into different sections using specific headings. The report brief (this is usually included in your assignment remit) will tell you the specific requirements of the structure of your report. Reports usually include a title page, a contents list and a body with different sections labelled with headings. Reports may also include a section for future recommendations and an appendix.

Presentations

Unlike essays and reports, presentations are spoken assessments. These require you, either as an individual or as part of a group, to present the findings of a case study, a reflection on an experience or the results of your research. You may be asked to deliver your presentation in person or to record it and upload it onto Canvas to be graded. However you deliver your presentation, you will need to think about the information you include on your slides, consider the pace of your delivery and make sure that the content is referenced correctly (yes - there is no escaping referencing!).

Writing from personal experience (reflective writing)

Have you ever kept a journal to record an event you attended and how you felt about it, or sent a message to tell your friend about your day? If so, you already have experience of reflective writing. This is writing where you analyse a past event to reflect on why that event happened and how you feel about it.
 
Reflective writing plays a key role in personal and professional development. It can help you make the connection between theory and practice and understand what skills you learned and what gaps remain. Remember: even though reflective writing is a more personal form of academic writing, it should still be supported by research and referenced correctly. You can find an example of reflective writing in the Academic writing section here.

Academic posters

Posters or leaflets, whether physical or electronic, are ways of displaying your work for others to view and discuss. These types of assignments can include text, graphs, figures, charts and even film clips, allowing you to express your ideas in a creative and interactive way.

No matter what type of assignment you are asked to write, all information should be referenced according to University College Birmingham's referencing standards. More information about what referencing is and why it’s important is in the Referencing section of this page

Breaking down assignments

At University College Birmingham, the assignment task is the part of the assignment remit that tells you what question or prompt you will need to answer. In order to complete your assignment successfully, you will need to show that you have understood and answered every part of the assignment task. Breaking the task down into parts is a good way to start making sense of it.

Assignment tasks usually include four main elements:

  1. A task word which makes it clear what you should do in the assignment. These are words like ‘investigate’, ‘critique’, ‘evaluate’ or ‘examine’.
  2. An indication of the main topic you will be expected to address in your assignment.
  3. A specific area of the main topic you will be expected to focus on.
  4. Some sort of context. This could be a time period or location.

Look at the assignment task below to identify each of the four elements.

Task: Investigate one key international nutrition issue, focusing on current initiatives that are aimed at the prevention and treatment of the issue.

Task word

‘Investigate’

Main topic

‘one key international nutrition issue’

Focus

‘current initiatives aimed at prevention and treatment’

Context

‘International’ and ‘current’

Assignment tasks are complex and cannot be answered with a simple ‘yes’ or ‘no’. This means that for most assignments, you will not be able to rely on your personal experience to respond to the assignment task. Instead, you will be expected to use a range of academic sources to support your answer, and you must reference those sources correctly.

Editing and proofreading

To ensure that you get the best grades on your assignments at University College Birmingham, you should make sure that your work has as few errors as possible. However, it is important to remember that nobody writes a perfect assignment the first time! There is nothing wrong with making mistakes as long as you give yourself time to correct them later.

Editing and proofreading are processes that can help you find and correct errors in your work. You can read more about each process below.

What is editing?

When you bake a cake, you need to let it cool once you’ve taken it out of the oven. If you try to assemble and decorate it immediately, the icing will run off and the cake will fall apart. Editing is similar to the cooling time you need in baking. If you don’t leave time for editing, you will still have an assignment, but it won’t be nearly as successful as it could be.

Editing does not mean rewriting your assignment. It means taking the time to improve your assignment so you can get the best grade possible. Very few students will score top marks with a first draft, so editing is an important part of the writing process.

How to edit

It can feel like a big job to read over your entire assignment and find any mistakes, but don’t worry – here are some specific things you can look out for when you edit your assignments.

Leave some time before editing

Once you have finished writing your assignment, leave at least a day or two before you begin editing. This allows you to look at your assignment from a fresh perspective, and it will make it much easier to see where you need to improve.

Respond to the question

Read over what you have written and ask yourself:

  • Have I answered the assignment task?
  • Are there any parts of the assignment task I haven’t addressed? 
  • Is my answer convincing? Have I backed up my points with evidence from my reading?

If there are any parts of the assignment that seem weak or unsupported by evidence, consider editing those sections. Remember: if you don’t think you’ve answered the question well enough, your lecturer will probably think the same.

Word count

Pay close attention to the word count on your assignment remit and make sure you get as close to it as possible.

If you have written too few words, it is likely that you have not answered the assignment remit entirely. It is also possible that your work does not have enough in-text citations. 

If you have written too many words, cut out any information that doesn’t directly answer the assignment task. Make sure that all sentences are as direct as possible and delete any words that aren’t absolutely necessary.

Sentence length

Notice how long each sentence is. Are some of your sentences extremely long (more than a couple of lines) or extremely short (just a few words long)? Long sentences can be confusing to read, while short sentences might not give your reader enough information. 

Reading out loud is a great way to catch sentences that are too long or too short, and it will help you find typos too. Reading out loud can also make it evident when your sentences are all very short or very long. Aim for a good mix of sentence styles and lengths to keep your writing interesting.

Clarity

The most important thing about your assignment is that your lecturer can understand it. As you read through your assignment in the editing stage, pay attention to whether it makes sense. If you run across a sentence that makes you think ‘huh?’, your lecturer will also be confused. Use simple language to ensure your writing is as clear as possible.

Don’t forget your references

Incorrect references will lose you points on your assignments. You could also lose points for not referencing as often as you should. In-text citations are required in your assignment any time you have used information that was not created by you. Not including in-text citations in your work could lead to a lower grade or, in some situations, accusations of plagiarism. See the Referencing section here for more information.

Formatting

All assignments submitted at University College Birmingham must follow a series of formatting guidelines. Before submitting your assignment, make sure your font size, line spacing, margin size, etc. are all correct. You can find University College Birmingham's requirements for formatting here.

What is proofreading?

Proofreading is usually the last stage in the editing process. It involves doing a final check of your assignment to make sure that all spelling, grammar and punctuation are correct.

You might think that proofreading is a waste of time. After all, surely answering the assignment task is the most important thing? Think again! Your lecturer won’t be able to make sense of your assignment if it is full of spelling and grammatical errors. It is your job to make sure that your readers can understand everything you have written.

How to proofread

By the time you are ready to proofread, you should already have edited your assignment to make sure that the content is all correct. The proofreading stage is not for making major edits; it is for making small changes, like adding in full stops and commas, making sure your spelling is correct and checking that all line spacing and font sizes are as they should be before submission. Here are some tips for effective proofreading.

Make your work easy to read

To make proofreading more effective, make your assignment as easy to read as possible. If you can, print out the document to proofread it. It is often easier to catch errors in print rather than on a screen. You can mark any errors by hand and then make changes on a computer once you have finished reading the whole assignment. 

If you are reading from a screen, increase the zoom on your document to make the text very large. This will help you catch any errors.

Read out loud

It can feel a bit silly to read your assignment out loud to yourself, but it is the best way to catch any mistakes. As you read out loud, you are more likely to notice when sentences are too long or too short, when punctuation is incorrect or missing, and when certain sections of your writing don’t make sense. Here are some things to look (and listen!) out for when reading out loud:

  • If you have to pause and think about whether a sentence or section makes sense, make it clearer. If you can’t tell what it’s trying to say, your lecturer probably won’t understand, either.
  • If you find yourself running out of breath while reading, your sentences may be too long. Aim for sentences you can read comfortably without running out of breath.
  • If you naturally pause at certain points while you are reading, you might consider adding in some punctuation at those points. You could add commas, semicolons or full stops to break up long sentences.
  • If you find yourself struggling to read certain sections out loud, it could be because your language is too complicated. Try rewriting the section with simple language and see if it is easier to read. Remember: if you are struggling to read your own work, your lecturer will definitely struggle to read it.

Ask for help

The best way to know whether your work is clear or not is to ask someone else to read it. That person doesn’t have to know about the topic to tell you whether your writing is clear enough to understand, so ask a family member or friend to look over your work.

Make use of the support available to you

Students at University College Birmingham have access to a range of support to help with their writing. All students have access to the desktop version of Microsoft Word, which has functions to make editing and proofreading easier. 

Students also have free access to Grammarly Premium, a piece of software that suggests improvements for your writing as you write.

To sign up for Grammarly, follow these steps:

  1. Go to www.grammarly.com/enterprise/signup 
  2. Enter your UCB student email address and create a password. 
  3. You will receive an email from Grammarly asking you to verify your email address. Once you have done this, your registration will be complete.

Please note: as a University College Birmingham student, your Grammarly Premium account is free to use. If at any point after you have registered, Grammarly asks you to pay to use its Premium service, please report this to the DICE team (dice@ucb.ac.uk), and they will resolve it for you.

Students can also book individual appointments with the Academic Skills Centre to receive advice about how to improve assignments. Please note that the tutors in the Academic Skills Centre will not proofread your work, but they can advise you on how to better edit and proofread your work yourself.

Formatting assignments

At University College Birmingham, all submitted written assignments should follow the guidelines below. When you are editing your assignments, make sure that all formatting details are correct.

Font, alignment and margins

Main headings: Arial, size 14, bold, centred

Subheadings: Arial, size 12, bold, left-aligned

Main text: Times New Roman, size 12, left-aligned

Margins should be 2.5cm on all sides

Paper size should be A4

Spacing

Main text should use 1.5 line spacing

Between subheadings and main text, leave one line space by pressing ‘Enter’ twice after the subheading

Between paragraphs, leave one line space by pressing ‘Enter’ twice after each paragraph

Reference lists should use single spacing. Leave one line space between each reference by pressing ‘Enter’ twice after each reference. References should be listed in alphabetical order. Each reference should be formatted according to the University's Referencing and Style Guide

Main headings should start on a new page. Subheadings do not need a new page

Tables, charts and graphs

All tables, charts and graphs should be centred on the page

Tables should be labelled numerically in order of their appearance in the assignment: ‘Table 1’, ‘Table 2’, etc

Charts and graphs should be labelled ‘Figure 1’, ‘Figure 2’, etc. Labels should be centred directly above the table, chart or graph in Arial, size 12

Each table, chart or graph should also be given a title describing what it shows: ‘Consumer Use of Food Delivery Services’, ‘Company Revenue for the Current Year’, etc. Titles should be centred directly below the table, chart or graph in Arial, size 12. See the example below:

If a reference is needed for the information you have provided in a table, chart or graph, the in-text citation should be placed in round brackets next to or directly below the title.

Page numbers

Page numbers should be Times New Roman, size 12. They should be placed in a footer in the bottom right-hand corner of the page

Appendices

Each appendix should be titled with an alphabetical label and a description of the content: ‘Appendix A: List of Questions from Customer Survey’, ‘Appendix B: Responses to Survey Question 1’

Appendix titles should be in bold, Arial, size 12, left-aligned

Support for students

For information about every stage of researching and writing your assignments, visit the Assignment Life Cycle on Canvas (login required).

Book an Academic Skills Centre appointment.

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